Robophilosophy 2024 took place for three and a half days in Aarhus (Denmark). It is a biennial dedicated to social robotics. Alongside the ICSR, it is the most important conference in this field. The program was again very extensive. Workshops were held and presentations given in four different tracks. There were keynotes and plenary sessions by well-known names, from Wendell Wallach to Hiroshi Ishiguro. After a sunny start, it began to rain, which made it all the easier to concentrate on the scientific exchange. In the end, the sun came out again in time for the closing event. Johanna Seibt, the brains behind Robophilosophy, received a bouquet of flowers and a standing ovation. The experts will meet again in two years‘ time. Where has not yet been decided. A few potential hosts spoke up. Edinburgh would be an option, but so would California.
On the fourth day of Robophilosophy 2024, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Professor at the Department of Systems Innovation in the Graduate School of Engineering Science at Osaka University, gave a talk entitled „AI Avatars and the Future Society“. From the abstract: „In this lecture, the presenter will report on the research and development of remotely operated robots and CG agents, also known as avatars. Avatar technology has advanced significantly in recent years, thanks to progress in AI technology. We will discuss the various services that can be deployed using avatars and the kind of society we can realize as a result.“ (Website Robophilosophy 2024) After the lecture, the roboticist was questioned by Raja Chatila, Sorbonne University (France), and Mihaela Constantinescu, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest (Romania). Hiroshi Ishiguro had been a regular guest at Robophilosophy. In 2018, he appeared on site in Vienna.
On the fourth day of Robophilosophy 2024, Oliver Bendel, Professor at the FHNW School of Business, gave a talk entitled „The Universal Robot of the 21st Century“. From the abstract: „Developments in several areas of computer science, robotics, and social robotics make it seem likely that a universal robot will be available for the mass market in the foreseeable future. Large language models for communication, perception, and control play a central role in this. This article briefly outlines the developments in the various areas and uses them to create the overall image of the universal robot. It then discusses the associated challenges from an ethical and social science perspective. It can be said that the universal robot will bring with it new possibilities and will perhaps be one of the most powerful human tools in physical space. At the same time, numerous problems are foreseeable, individual, social, and ecological.“ (Website Robophilosophy 2024) This was followed by an intensive plenary discussion on the design and usefulness of universal robots. In an individual discussion, Oliver Bendel suggested designing universal robots like early humans or apes. They can move on all fours, but can also stand up on two legs if the situation requires it. This would at least solve some of the safety problems posed by bipeds.
Fig.: Oliver Bendel after his talk (Photo: Katharina Kühne)
On the third day of Robophilosophy 2024, Melanie Mitchell, Professor at the Santa Fe Institute (USA), gave a keynote speech entitled „AI’s Challenge to Understanding the World“. From the abstract: „I will survey a debate in the artificial intelligence (AI) research community on the extent to which current AI systems can be said to “understand” language and the physical and social situations language encodes. I will describe arguments that have been made for and against such understanding, hypothesize about what humanlike understanding entails, and discuss what methods can be used to fairly evaluate understanding and intelligence in AI systems.“ (Website Robophilosophy 2024) In this keynote – as in previous keynotes and presentations – the restrictions of AI and generative AI were emphasized. In response to a question from an audience member, the potential was also acknowledged.
The third day of Robophilosophy 2024 featured numerous presentations and several workshops. The workshop „The Social Significance of Human Effort – What Are the Parameters For Positive Human-Robot Interaction In the Context of Industry 5.0?“ was organized by the renowned Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies (Pisa, Italy). The moderators were Professors Alberto Pirni and Paolo Dario as well as Oliver Bendel from the FHNW School of Business. They also presented, as did other participants such as Nicola Vitiello, Leonardo Massantini, Danica Kragic Jensfelt, and Margherita Pugnaletto. From the workshop abstract: „This workshop aims to develop a roadmap for understanding the impact of robotics on human employment within the context of Industry 5.0. The workshop explores key factors in this transition, including the risks and benefits of digital automation, ethical considerations regarding worker skills and well-being, and protective measures for workers and consumers. Focusing on the theme of sociocultural risks: devaluation of human labor, the workshop aims to reflect on traditional notions of work, productivity, and the value of human labor in the era of advancing robotics and automation. It challenges the concept of labor devaluation, assesses its impact on worker recognition and efficiency, and questions meritocratic paradigms. To facilitate interdisciplinary dialogue, the workshop engages philosophers and engineers in addressing ethical dilemmas in technology development. It explores the social significance of human effort and movement when interacting with autonomous robots and occupational exoskeletons. By examining these technologies‘ adaptability and role in human-machine interaction, especially in workplaces, the workshop intends to contribute to discussions on technological advances and their societal implications.“ (Website Robophilosophy 2024)
On the second day of Robophilosophy 2024, David Chalmers, an Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist, gave a keynote speech entitled „Does Generative AI Extend the Mind?“. From the website: „Prof. Chalmers is known worldwide, also outside of philosophy, for his contributions to consciousness research in ‚The Character of Consciousness‘ (2010), and in particular for identifying more clearly than anyone the tasks for a philosophical account of consciousness (‚the hard problem‘ of consciousness). Since recent advances in AI bring Chalmers‘ thought experiment of ‚philosophical zombies‘ closer to reality, in his current research he combines philosophy and a longstanding interest in AI for the exploration of the status of virtual reality … and the likelihood of creating artificial systems that fulfil the criteria of consciousness.“ (Website Robophilosophy 2024) A key statement was: „As social AI systems become increasingly agent-like, they will decreasingly extend the mind …“ The final statement was: „The quest for agency and sociality in robotsmay stand in tension with considerations of both efficiency and morality.“ The audience applauded the witty and humorous talk.
On the second day of Robophilosophy 2024, Anthony Elliott, Distinguished Professor of Sociology at the University of South Australia, gave a keynote speech entitled „May AI Be With You: Agency and Automation in the Age of Algorithmic Modernity“. From the abstract: „From industrial robots to ChatGPT, and from driverless cars to military drones: AI is transforming all aspects of our lives, from the changing nature of work, employment and unemployment to the most intimate aspects of personal relationships. In this presentation, Anthony Elliott focuses on the complex systems of AI – spanning intelligent machines, chatbots, advanced robotics, accelerating automation, big data – and their centrality to new forms of social interaction, organizational life and governance. He argues, provocatively, that today modernity has come to mean smartphones, tablets, cloud computing, big data, automated recommendation systems and predictive analytics. This has heralded the arrival of what he terms ‚algorithmic modernity‘, an altogether new ’stage‘ in the ordering techniques of envisioned human mastery. In this automated order of algorithmic modernity, human agency is increasingly outsourced to smart machines. We should understand this phenomenon, Elliott argues, in terms of a containment of both uncertainty and complexity which the digital revolution in social relations poses, but which ultimately denies answers.“ (Website Robophilosophy 2024) In his presentation, the sociologist emphasised the risks of AI rather than the opportunities.
Fig.: Anthony Elliott before his lecture (seated far left; standing David Gunkel and Johanna Seibt))
On the first day of Robophilosophy 2024, Wendell Wallach, one of the fathers of machine ethics, gave a keynote speech entitled „Re-envisioning Ethics: From Moral Machine to Extensive Regulation“. From the abstract: „Have we been underestimating the socio-technical challenges posed by ro(bot)s – physical systems and virtual bots? Many of the complexities inherent in managing intelligent systems can not be adequately met by scientific innovation, existing ethical constraints, or weak regulations forged by legislatures under the capture of the AI oligopoly. In spite of naive future projections, the science we have, and are likely to have in the near future, will not produce AI systems capable of making even satisfactory choices in complex situations where uncertainty reigns, multiple values converge, and the information available is inadequate to project meaningful consequences for various courses of action. AI will pose safety and security risks far beyond those being addressed by the pittance of investment presently directed to build trustworthy systems. Scientific humility is needed. Ethics must be reenvisioned and empowered to work through the plethora of socio-technical obstacles and trials ahead. A vast infrastruture to ensure AI safety will be required.“ (Website Robophilosophy 2024) Wendell Wallach went far beyond these hints and gave an overview of the advances and setbacks in machine ethics and AI ethics in recent decades.
On August 20, 2024, Robophilosophy 2024 was opened with words of welcome from Maja Horst, Dean of the Faculty of Arts at Aarhus University, and Johanna Seibt, Professor of the School of Culture and Society at Aarhus University. The website says: „The international research conference RP2024 will discuss the questions that really matter in view of the new technological potential of social robotics. In over 100 research talks, RP2024 will address concrete and deep issues that reach far beyond safety and privacy concerns into the conceptual and normative fabric of our societies and individual self-comprehension.“ (Website Robophilosophy 2024) The first keynote on the first day of the conference was given by Wendell Wallach, one of the world’s best-known machine ethicists. With his book „Moral Machines“ (2009), he laid the foundation for a discipline that has been developing in science fiction and science for years and decades. This was followed in 2011 by „Machine Ethics“ by Michael Anderson and Susan Leigh Anderson. In addition to machine ethics, Robophilosophy is dedicated to robot ethics and other interesting perspectives on social robots.
Das Paper „Robots at arm’s length: Unveiling the dynamics of interpersonal distance preferences in human-robot interactions“ von Katharina Kühne, Laura M. Zimmer, Melina Jeglinski-Mende, Oliver Bendel, Yuefang Zhou und Martin Fischer wurde bei der Robophilosophy 2024 angenommen. In der Studie geht es um den räumlichen Abstand zwischen sozialen Robotern und Menschen. Nach Ansicht der Autoren wirken sich die Ergebnisse auf die Gestaltung von sozialen Robotern und die Optimierung von Interaktionen aus, insbesondere in pädagogischen oder medizinischen Kontexten. Katharina Kühne ist Doktorandin der Potsdam Embodied Cognition Group (PECoG) an der Universität Potsdam. Sie hat ein Diplom in Sprachunterricht, einen Master in Linguistik und einen Master in Kognitionspsychologie. Betreut wird sie von Prof. Dr. Martin Fischer (Universität Potsdam, Leiter der PECoG) und Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel (Hochschule für Wirtschaft FHNW, assoziierter Forscher der PECoG). Der Ergebnisse der Studie werden bei der Robophilosophy vorgestellt, die vom 20. bis 23. August 2024 in Aarhus stattfindet.
Abb.: Zwei Pepper-Roboter bei einer Veranstaltung in Zürich
The upcoming international Robophilosophy Conference 2024 in Aarhus is set to tackle the socio-cultural and ethical questions arising from the use of generative multimodal AIs in social robotics. The event will bring together global scholars from humanities, social sciences, social robotics, and computer science, aiming to produce actionable insights and responsibly address the socio-cultural transformations brought about by social robotics. It is part of the Robophilosophy Conference Series, known for its large scale events for humanities research in social robotics. RP2024 highlights the urgency of closer collaboration between tech experts and societal experts to establish research-based regulations. The program committee includes Sherry Turkle (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Wendell Wallach (The Hastings Center), and Melanie Mitchell (Santa Fe Institute). Among the speakers is Oliver Bendel, who will present his accepted paper „The Universal Robot of the 21st Century“. He has been attending the conference without interruption since 2018.
Fig. A contradictory presentation of an all-purpose robot
The upcoming international Robophilosophy Conference 2024 in Aarhus is set to tackle the socio-cultural and ethical questions arising from the use of generative multimodal AIs in social robotics. The event will bring together global scholars from humanities, social sciences, social robotics, and computer science, aiming to produce actionable insights and responsibly address the socio-cultural transformations brought about by social robotics. It is part of the Robophilosophy Conference Series, known for its large scale events for humanities research in social robotics. RP2024 highlights the urgency of closer collaboration between tech experts and societal experts to establish research-based regulations. The conference will welcome 80-100 talks in plenaries, special workshops, and parallel sessions of reviewed research papers. Virtual attendance is made possible for those unable to attend in person. Interested parties are invited to submit their papers on the conference topics. Key dates to note: Deadline for workshop/panel proposal submissions is January 31, 2024. Deadline for short papers and posters is February 15, 2024. More information at cas.au.dk/en/robophilosophy/conferences/rpc2024.
In January 2023, the Proceedings of Robophilosophy 2022 were published. Included is the paper „Robots in Policing“ by Oliver Bendel. From the abstract: „This article is devoted to the question of how robots are used in policing and what opportunities and risks arise in social terms. It begins by briefly explaining the characteristics of modern police work. It puts service robots and social robots in relation to each other and outlines relevant disciplines. The article also lists types of robots that are and could be relevant in the present context. It then gives examples from different countries of the use of robots in police work and security services. From these, it derives the central tasks of robots in this area and their most important technical features. A discussion from social, ethical, and technical perspectives seeks to provide clarity on how robots are changing the police as a social institution and with social actions and relationships, and what challenges need to be addressed.“ (Abstract) Robots in policing is a topic that has not received much attention. However, it is likely to become considerably more topical in the next few years. More information about the conference on cas.au.dk/en/robophilosophy/conferences/rpc2022.
Fig.: The conference poster at the University of Helsinki
In January 2023, the proceedings of Robophilosophy 2022 were published, under the title „Social Robots in Social Institutions“. „This book presents the Proceedings of Robophilosophy 2022, the 5th event in the biennial Robophilosophy conference series, held in Helsinki, Finland, from 16 to 19 August 2022. The theme of this edition of the conference was Social Robots in Social Institutions, and it featured international multidisciplinary research from the humanities, social sciences, Human-Robot Interaction, and social robotics. The 63 papers, 41 workshop papers and 5 posters included in this book are divided into 4 sections: plenaries, sessions, workshops and posters, with the 41 papers in the ‚Sessions‘ section grouped into 13 subdivisions including elderly care, healthcare, law, education and art, as well as ethics and religion. These papers explore the anticipated conceptual and practical changes which will come about in the course of introducing social robotics into public and private institutions, such as public services, legal systems, social and healthcare services, or educational institutions.“ (Website IOS Press) The proceedings contain the paper „Robots in Policing“ by Oliver Bendel and the poster „Tamagotchi on our couch: Are social robots perceived as pets?“ by Katharina Kühne, Melinda A. Jeglinski-Mende, and Oliver Bendel. More information via www.iospress.com/catalog/books/social-robots-in-social-institutions.
Katharina Kühne and Melinda A. Jeglinski-Mende (University of Potsdam) together with Oliver Bendel (School of Business FHNW) have written an extended abstract for Robophilosophy 2022 entitled „Tamagotchi on our Couch“. The corresponding poster was presented by Katharina Kühne on on August 16, 2022, the first day of the conference. The poster is made available here. From the abstract: „Although social robots increasingly enter our lives, it is not clear how they are perceived. Previous research indicates that there is a tendency to anthropomorphize social robots, at least in the Western culture. One of the most promising roles of robots in our society is companionship. Pets also fulfill this role, which gives their owners health and wellbeing benefits. In our study, we investigated if social robots can implicitly and explicitly be perceived as pets. In an online experiment, we measured implicit associations between pets and robots using pictures of robots and devices, as well as attributes denoting pet and non-pet features, in a Go/No-Go Association Task (GNAT). Further, we asked our participants to explicitly evaluate to what extent they perceive robots as pets and if robots could replace a real pet. Our findings show that implicitly, but not explicitly, social robots are perceived as pets.“ (Abstract) The poster is available here.
Der vierte und letzte Tag der Robophilosophy 2022 wurde eröffnet mit einem Vortrag von Catrin Misselhorn („Three Ethical Arguments against Killer Robots“). Sie stellte u.a. die Arbeit von Ronald C. Arkin vor und übte Kritik daran. Ein Workshop und drei Sessions schlossen sich an. In Session 18 („Robots in Elderly Care II“) sprach zunächst Stefanie Baisch („Elders‘ Expectations and Experiences of Having a Companion-Type Social Robot“, mit Thorsten Kolling), dann Rajitha Ramanayake („A Small Set of Ethical Challenges For Elder-care Robots“, mit Vivek Nallur). Session 19 („Robots at Work“) wurde von Valeria Martino („Trusting Workers: Information and Sociability in the Digital Age“), Rua Williams („All Robots Are Disabled“) sowie Anna Dobrosovestnova und Tim Reinboth („Mapping Ambiguities of Helping Commercial Delivery Robots“) bestritten. Tatsächlich sind sowohl autonome als auch ferngesteuerte Transportroboter immer wieder auf Hilfe angewiesen, etwa wenn sie feststecken. Nach dem Lunch bildete die Panel Discussion, geleitet von Robert Sparrow, den Abschluss. Der australische Philosoph fragte Johanna Seibt, was Philosophen besser machen könnten. Sie forderte diese auf, zu den Robotikkonferenzen zu gehen und von ihnen zu lernen. Umgekehrt ermahnte sie die Robotiker, die Leistung der Philosophen zu achten. Zahlreiche weitere Statements und Kommentare folgten. Die Robophilosophy hat sich erneut als führende Veranstaltung für Soziale Robotik behauptet. Weitere Informationen zur Konferenz über cas.au.dk/en/robophilosophy/conferences/rpc2022.
Abb.: Robert Sparrow, Johanna Seibt, Catrin Misselhorn und Paula Sweeney
On the first day of Robophilosophy 2022, Oliver Bendel presented his paper „Robots in Policing“ … From the abstract: „This article is devoted to the question of how robots are used in policing and what opportunities and risks arise in social terms. It begins by briefly explaining the characteristics of modern police work. It puts service robots and social robots in relation to each other and outlines relevant disciplines. The article also lists types of robots that are and could be relevant in the present context. It then gives examples from different countries of the use of robots in police work and security services. From these, it derives the central tasks of robots in this area and their most important technical features. A discussion from social, ethical, and technical perspectives seeks to provide clarity on how robots are changing the police as a social institution and with social actions and relationships, and what challenges need to be addressed.“ (Abstract) Robots in policing are a topic that has yet to receive much attention. However, it is likely to become considerably more topical in the next few years. More information about the conference on cas.au.dk/en/robophilosophy/conferences/rpc2022.
Fig.: A poster at the entrance of the University of Helsinki
Der Vormittag des dritten Tags der Robophilosophy 2022 begann mit der Keynote „Robots, Institutional Roles and Functions“ von Seumas Miller. Er schloss bestimmte Fähigkeiten und Eigenschaften von Robotern kategorisch aus, was in der Diskussionsrunde die Kritiker auf den Plan rief. Seine Behauptung, Roboter könnten keine moralischen Agenten (also keine moralischen Subjekte) sein, konterte Catrin Misselhorn, eine erfahrene Maschinenethikerin, mit der Feststellung, sie könnten durchaus funktionale moralische Agenten sein, wenn auch keine vollständigen. Tatsächlich werden seit vielen Jahren moralische Maschinen in genau diesem Sinne gebaut: Sie erhalten moralische Regeln und halten sich daran. Es folgten am Vormittag drei Sessions und ein Workshop. Bei Session 12 („HRI I“) sprachen u.a. Kerstin Fischer und Johanna Seibt. Session 14 („Social norms and roles I“) wurde mit Vorträgen von Anna Strasser und Michael Wilby („The AI-Stance: Crossing the Terra Incognita of Human-Machine Interactions?“), Kirsikka Kaipainen („Identifying Opportunities for Social Robots in Youth Services: A Case Study of a Youth Guidance Center“, mit Salla Jarske und Kaisa Väänänen) sowie Laetitia Tanqueray und Stefan Larsson („What Norms Are Social Robots Reflecting? A Socio-Legal Exploration on HRI Developers“) bespielt. Danach ging es in die Mittagspause.
Der zweite Tag der Konferenz wurde von einem Vortrag von Virginia Dignum über „Responsible AI: From Principles to Action“ eröffnet. Bis zum Lunch gab es vier parallele Sessions. Session 6 („Robots in Elderly Care“) umfasste die Talks von Migle Laukyte („Right to Robot or a Duty to Older Generations“) und Peter Remmers („Social Robots in Care Facilities“, zusammen mit Nele Fischer). Workshop 3 („ELSI of the Avatar Symbiotic Society“) wurde von Hiroshi Ishiguro mit „Realisation of the Avatar Symbiotic Society: The Concept and Technologies“ eröffnet. Anders als 2018 war er nicht vor Ort, sondern über Zoom zugeschaltet. Seine Vision ist, dass im Jahre 2050 viele Menschen einen oder mehrere Avatare besitzen, wobei er damit nicht virtuelle, sondern physische Repräsentanten meint. Der eine oder andere Teilnehmer fragte sich, warum er nicht seinen eigenen Avatar, den Geminoid, nach Helsinki geschickt hatte. Parallel fanden drei Sessions statt. In Session 7 („Relational Accounts“) stellte Miriam Gorr in „How We Respond to Robots and Whether It Matters Morally“ die Ansätze von John Danaher, Robert Sparrow and Mark Coeckelbergh zum moralischen Status von Maschinen auf den Prüfstand. Nach der Kaffeepause folgten zwei Workshops und zwei Sessions. In Session 10 („Robots in Healthcare II“) ging Iva Apostolova auf „The Significance of the Sense of Touch for the Use of Social Robots in Care Settings“ ein. Oliver Bendel wies in der Diskussionsrunde auf Umarmungsroboter, Liebespuppen und Sexroboter hin. Den Schlusspunkt bildete die Keynote „Socially Assistive Robotics – Methods and Implications for the Future of Work and Care“ von Maja Matarić. Sie kombiniert die Präsenz der Roboter und deren Funktionen mit Mixed Reality. Danach ging es in die nahegelegene City Hall, wo die Stadt Helsinki die Wissenschaftler empfing und umsorgte.
At the Robophilosophy conference 2018 in Vienna, Hiroshi Ishiguro gave a keynote, as did Guy Standing, Catelijne Muller, Oliver Bendel, and others. His personal presence, combined with provocative statements, inspired many attendees. In Helsinki in 2022, he joined online and gave a talk („Realization of the Avatar Symbiotic Society: The Concept and Technologies“) within the workshop „ELSI of the Avatar Symbiotic Society“. The workshop was announced on the website as follows: „We are currently promoting a project to develop (physical or virtual) avatar technology and to create a society where everyone can engage in various activities as they wish, beyond physical constraints, by using avatars. We are particularly concerned with enriching our communications, interactions, and relationships through avatars. However, this aim cannot be achieved by technology alone. We have to consider the ELSI (ethical, legal and social issues) concerning avatars as well. In this workshop, the speakers will introduce some of our technologies and then raise ethical and legal questions concerning avatars. Then we would like to discuss these issues with all the participants.“ (Website Robophilosophy) Further information via cas.au.dk/robophilosophy/conferences/rpc2022/program.
Fig.: Hiroshi Ishiguro and his ideas of the year 2050
On the first day (August 16, 2022) of the Robophilosophy conference, Katharina Kühne (University of Potsdam) presented a poster on a project she had carried out together with Melinda A. Jeglinski-Mende from the same university. Oliver Bendel (School of Business FHNW) was also involved in the margins. The paper is titled „Tamagotchi on our couch: Are social robots perceived as pets?“. The abstract states: „Although social robots increasingly enter our lives, it is not clear how they are perceived. Previous research indicates that there is a tendency to anthropomorphize social robots, at least in the Western culture. One of the most promising roles of robots in our society is companionship. Pets also fulfill this role, which gives their owners health and wellbeing benefits. In our study, we investigated if social robots can implicitly and explicitly be perceived as pets. In an online experiment, we measured implicit associations between pets and robots using pictures of robots and devices, as well as attributes denoting pet and non-pet features, in a Go/No-Go Association Task (GNAT). Further, we asked our participants to explicitly evaluate to what extent they perceive robots as pets and if robots could replace a real pet. Our findings show that implicitly, but not explicitly, social robots are perceived as pets.“ (Abstract) The conference program is available via cas.au.dk/robophilosophy/conferences/rpc2022/program.
Fig.: Katharina Kühne presents the poster in Helsinki
Nach Worten der Begrüßung von Raul Hakli, Pekka Mäkelä und Johanna Seibt startete die Robophilosophy 2022 mit einem Vortrag von Sven Nyholm zum Thema „A New Control Problem? Humanoid Robots, AI, and the Value of Control“. In Session 1 („Robots in Law and Policing“) sprachen danach Oliver Bendel („Robots in Policing“), Cindy Friedman („Granting Negative Rights to Humanoid Robots“) und Jakob Stenseke („The Use and Abuse of Normative Ethics for Moral Machines“). Parallel fanden drei Workshops statt, darunter „Regulation of the Use of Social Robotics in Care Settings: A Simulation“. Im Anschluss wurden vier Poster präsentiert, eines davon von Katharina Kühne, Melinda A. Jeglinski-Mende und Oliver Bendel („Tamagotchi on our couch: Are social robots perceived as pets?“). Am späteren Nachmittag referierte David Gunkel zum Thema „Robots Should Not be Slaves“ – eine Auffassung, die etwa Joanna Bryson oder Oliver Bendel nicht in dieser Weise teilen. Er leitete den Workshop, bei dem mehrere Vorträge gehalten und ganz unterschiedliche Ansichten ausgetauscht wurden. Parallel fanden ein weiterer Workshop sowie Session 2 („Robots in Education“) statt. Den Ausklang bildete der Empfang der Universität Helsinki mit Wein, Hummus und Fladenbrot. Die Robophilosophy gilt als die wichtigste Konferenz zu sozialen Robotern aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive. Sie findet vom 16. bis zum 19. August 2022 an der Universität Helsinki statt.
Abb.: Sven Nyholm bei seinem Vortrag an der Universität Helsinki
