NASA ernennt Direktor für UAP-Erforschung

„Die Nasa hat einen neuen Direktor für die Erforschung unbekannter Phänomene. Das ist gut – außer für Alien-Gläubige. Es soll sachlicher werden. Und Ufo heißt jetzt UAP.“ Dies schreibt die ZEIT am 15. September 2023. Allerdings ist dieser Begriff schon seit einer Weile verbreitet. Der Beitrag von Oliver Bendel im Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon vom 28. Juni 2022 erklärt: „Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs), Nichtidentifizierte oder Unbekannte Luftphänomene, sind Himmelserscheinungen, die nicht sofort oder nicht ohne Weiteres identifiziert bzw. erklärt … werden können. Die meisten von ihnen stellen sich als bekannte Naturspektakel wie Polarlichter und Blitze oder als gewöhnliche Flugobjekte heraus. Nur wenige entziehen sich für längere Zeit einer fachlichen Einschätzung respektive wissenschaftlichen Erklärung. Im Volksmund spricht man im Englischen von Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), im Deutschen von Unbekannten Flugobjekten. Damit werden von Leichtgläubigen oft Außerirdische in Zusammenhang gebracht, die die Menschheit besuchen oder heimsuchen.“ Der ZEIT-Artikel stellt ganz richtig fest: „UAP steht für einen nüchternen, einen wissenschaftlichen Blick auf Berichte über Sichtungen am Himmel und in der Luft, die sich nicht zuordnen lassen.“ (ZEIT, 15. September 2023)

Abb.: Ein KI-generiertes Bild einer Astronautin (Bild: Ideogram)

SPACE THEA Wants to Fly to Mars

SPACE THEA was developd by Martin Spathelf at the School of Business FHNW from April to August 2021. The client and supervisor was Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel. The voice assistant is supposed to show empathy and emotions towards astronauts on a Mars flight. Technically, it is based on Google Assistant and Dialogflow. The programmer chose a female voice with Canadian English. SPACE THEA’s personality includes functional and emotional intelligence, honesty, and creativity. She follows a moral principle: to maximize the benefit of the passengers of the spacecraft. The prototype was implemented for the following scenarios: conduct general conversations; help the user find a light switch; assist the astronaut when a thruster fails; greet and cheer up in the morning; fend off an insult for no reason; stand by a lonely astronaut; learn about the voice assistant. A video on the latter scenario is available here. Oliver Bendel has been researching conversational agents for 20 years. With his teams, he has developed 20 concepts and artifacts of machine ethics and social robotics since 2012.

Fig.: SPACE THEA wants to fly to Mars

A Drone on Mars

The Perseverance rover, which is on its way to Mars, is carrying a drone called Ingenuity. According to NASA, it is a technology demonstration to test powered flight on another world for the first time. „A series of flight tests will be performed over a 30-Martian-day experimental window that will begin sometime in the spring of 2021. For the very first flight, the helicopter will take off a few feet from the ground, hover in the air for about 20 to 30 seconds, and land. That will be a major milestone: the very first powered flight in the extremely thin atmosphere of Mars! After that, the team will attempt additional experimental flights of incrementally farther distance and greater altitude.“ (Website NASA) After the drone has completed its technology demonstration, the rover will continue its scientific mission. Manned and unmanned flights to Mars will bring us several innovations, including novel chatbots and voicebots.

Fig.: Ingenuity (photo/concept: NASA)

An AI Assistant with Empathy

Living, working, and sleeping in small spaces next to the same people for months or years would be stressful for even the fittest and toughest astronauts. Neel V. Patel underlines this fact in a current article for MIT Technology Review. If they are near Earth, they can talk to psychologists. But if they are far away, it will be difficult. Moreover, in the future there could be astronauts in space whose clients cannot afford human psychological support. „An AI assistant that’s able to intuit human emotion and respond with empathy could be exactly what’s needed, particularly on future missions to Mars and beyond. The idea is that it could anticipate the needs of the crew and intervene if their mental health seems at risk.“ (MIT Technology Review, 14 January 2020) NASA wants to develop such an assistant together with the Australian tech firm Akin. They could build on research by Oliver Bendel. Together with his teams, he has developed the GOODBOT in 2013 and the BESTBOT in 2018. Both can detect users’ problems and react adequately to these problems. The more recent chatbot even has face recognition in combination with emotion recognition. If it detects discrepancies with what the user has said or written, it will make this a subject of discussion. The BESTBOT on Mars – it would like that.

Fig.: Barbie on the moon