DALL-E 3 and Beauty

During numerous tests with DALL-E 3 – which can be seen in a ten-part series starting here – Oliver Bendel noticed that almost without exception the men and women depicted were beautiful, sometimes so beautiful that it hurt. To find out if other results were possible, he entered the prompt „Young very unattractive woman sits on park bench and watches the goings on, photorealistic“. An error message appeared immediately, and nothing worked for several minutes. However, this was most likely a coincidence. The new attempt yielded three results. In all cases, they were very attractive people, of different ages and with different expressions. There was the flirtatious looking brunette and the sullen looking blonde – and the young girl who looks like she wanted to show off her handbag. The image generator seems to create worlds where ugliness doesn’t exist, only beauty. Another attempt omitted age and was less clear: „Average looking woman sits on park bench and watches the goings on, photorealistic“ In this case, too, only models appeared. One of the images was in black and white and is shown on this page. Another example can be found here. Further tests with men („Young very unattractive man sits on park bench and watches the goings on, photorealistic“) led to the same result. One example can be seen here, another here. Of course, you do get there eventually. But rather with social than aesthetic categories – or with a mixture of both, as in the case of a homeless, run-down woman. The article „Image Synthesis from an Ethical Perspective“ by Oliver Bendel addresses the production of beauty, but also the existence and use of biases of all kinds.

Fig.: Average looking woman (actually a model) sits on park bench (Photo: DALL-E 3)

Article on the Ethical Challenges of AI-based Image Synthesis

The article „Image Synthesis from an Ethical Perspective“ by Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel was submitted on 18 April and accepted on 8 September 2023. It was published on 27 September 2023. From the abstract: „Generative AI has gained a lot of attention in society, business, and science. This trend has increased since 2018, and the big breakthrough came in 2022. In particular, AI-based text and image generators are now widely used. This raises a variety of ethical issues. The present paper first gives an introduction to generative AI and then to applied ethics in this context. Three specific image generators are presented: DALL-E 2, Stable Diffusion, and Midjourney. The author goes into technical details and basic principles, and compares their similarities and differences. This is followed by an ethical discussion. The paper addresses not only risks, but opportunities for generative AI. A summary with an outlook rounds off the article.“ The article was published in the long-established and renowned journal AI & Society and can be downloaded here.

Fig.: Are there biases in image generators? (Image: Ideogram)

Image Synthesis from an Ethical Perspective

The article „Image Synthesis from an Ethical Perspective“ by Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel from Zurich has gone into production at Springer and will be published in a few weeks. From the abstract: „Generative AI has gained a lot of attention in society, business, and science. This trend has increased since 2018, and the big breakthrough came in 2022. In particular, AI-based text and image generators are now widely used. This raises a variety of ethical issues. The present paper first gives an introduction to generative AI and then to applied ethics in this context. Three specific image generators are presented: DALL-E 2, Stable Diffusion, and Midjourney. The author goes into technical details and basic principles, and compares their similarities and differences. This is followed by an ethical discussion. The paper addresses not only risks, but opportunities for generative AI. A summary with an outlook rounds off the article.“ The article will be published in the long-established and renowned journal AI & Society.

Fig.: The image of a woman generated with Ideogram

The Synthetization of Human Voices

The synthetization of voices, or speech synthesis, has been an object of interest for centuries. It is mostly realized with a text-to-speech system (TTS), an automaton that interprets and reads aloud. This system refers to text available for instance on a website or in a book, or entered via popup menu on the website. Today, just a few minutes of samples are enough in order to be able to imitate a speaker convincingly in all kinds of statements. The article „The Synthetization of Human Voices“ by Oliver Bendel (published on 26 July 2017) abstracts from actual products and actual technological realization. Rather, after a short historical outline of the synthetization of voices, exemplary applications of this kind of technology are gathered for promoting the development, and potential applications are discussed critically in order to be able to limit them if necessary. The ethical and legal challenges should not be underestimated, in particular with regard to informational and personal autonomy and the trustworthiness of media. The article can be viewed via rdcu.be/uvxm.

Fig.: What will we hear in the future?